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Key point selection in large-scale FBG temperature sensors for thermal error modeling of heavy-duty CNC

Jianmin HU, Zude ZHOU, Quan LIU, Ping LOU, Junwei YAN, Ruiya LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第4期页码 442-451 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0543-0

摘要： Thermal error is one of the main factors that influence the machining accuracy of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. It is usually reduced by thermal error compensation. Temperature field monitoring and key temperature measurement point (TMP) selection are the bases of thermal error modeling and compensation for CNC machine tools. Compared with small- and medium-sized CNC machine tools, heavy-duty CNC machine tools require the use of more temperature sensors to measure their temperature comprehensively because of their larger size and more complex heat sources. However, the presence of many TMPs counteracts the movement of CNC machine tools due to sensor cables, and too many temperature variables may adversely influence thermal error modeling. Novel temperature sensors based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are developed in this study. A total of 128 FBG temperature sensors that are connected in series through a thin optical fiber are mounted on a heavy-duty CNC machine tool to monitor its temperature field. Key TMPs are selected using these large-scale FBG temperature sensors by using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm to reduce the calculation workload and avoid problems in the coupling of TMPs for thermal error modeling. Back propagation neural network thermal error prediction models are established to verify the performance of the proposed TMP selection method. Results show that the number of TMPs is reduced from 128 to 5, and the developed model demonstrates good prediction effects and strong robustness under different working conditions of the heavy-duty CNC machine tool.

关键词： thermal error heavy-duty CNC machine tools FBG key TMPs prediction model

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NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期

摘要：

• NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing of perennial pasture (ryegrass/white clover).

• Milk production per hectare has increased by about 29% with increased use of externally-sourced feeds over the last two decades.

• Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration can potentially reduce N₂O emissions and N leaching per unit of production.

• Systems analysis is important for evaluating mitigations to minimize trade-offs between environmental impacts.

This paper provides an overview of the range of dairy pasture grazing systems used in New Zealand (NZ), the changes with increased inputs over time and associated key environmental effects including nitrogen (N) leaching and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing and seasonal milk production on perennial ryegrass/clover pasture where cows are rotationally grazed in paddocks. There was an increase in stocking rate on NZ dairy farms from 2.62 cows ha⁻¹ in 2000/2001 to 2.84 cows ha⁻¹ in 2015/2016. During the same period annual milk solids production increased from 315 to 378 kg·yr⁻¹per cow. This performance has coincided with an increase in N fertilizer use (by ~ 30%) and a twofold increase in externally-sourced feeds. Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration (e.g., maize silage) can increase the efficiency of N utilization and potentially reduce N losses per unit of production. Off-paddock facilities (such as standoff or feed pads) are often used to restrict grazing during very wet winter conditions. A systems analysis of contrasting dairy farms in Waikato (largest NZ dairying region) indicates that the increased input would result in an increase in per-cow milk production but little change in efficiency of milk production from a total land use perspective. This analysis also shows that the increased inputs caused an 11% decrease in N footprint (i.e., N emissions per unit of milk production) and a 2% increase in C footprint (i.e., greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of milk production).jiafa.luo@agresearch.co.nz

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Bioaerosol: A Key Vessel between Environment and Health

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1422-6

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Firm Innovation Systems: Perspectives of Researches on State-owned Key Enterprises

Jin Chen,Shu-fang Huang,Qing-rui Xu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 64-70 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015017

摘要： Based on the origin of the innovation theory and the technological innovation models of Rothwell, this paper puts forward four-generations of evolutionary models using the firm innovation system: “Internal R&D-Oriented Innovation System”, “Internal and External Collaborative Innovation System”, “Highly Strategic-Oriented Innovation System” and “Ecological Innovation System”. This paper dwells on the characteristics and relationship between each innovation system, and the role in the enterprise innovation especially the State-owned Key Enterprises innovation, so as to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the design and improvement of the State-owned Key Enterprises innovation system.

关键词： firm innovation system state-owned key enterprises ecology evolution

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Pilot plants of membrane technology in industry: Challenges and key learnings

Colin A. Scholes

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 305-316 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1860-x

摘要： Membrane technology holds great potential in gas separation applications, especially carbon dioxide capture from industrial processes. To achieve this potential, the outputs from global research endeavours into membrane technologies must be trialled in industrial processes, which requires membrane-based pilot plants. These pilot plants are critical to the commercialization of membrane technology, be it as gas separation membranes or membrane gas-solvent contactors, as failure at the pilot plant level may delay the development of the technology for decades. Here, the author reports on his experience of operating membrane-based pilot plants for gas separation and contactor configurations as part of three industrial carbon capture initiatives: the Mulgrave project, H3 project and Vales Point project. Specifically, the challenges of developing and operating membrane pilot plants are presented, as well as the key learnings on how to successfully manage membrane pilot plants to achieve desired performance outcomes. The purpose is to assist membrane technologists in the carbon capture field to achieve successful outcomes for their technology innovations.

关键词： membrane gas separation membrane contactors carbon capture pilot plants key learnings

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China Keeps Carrying Forward the Key Special Project of “Air Pollution Causes and Control”

Huan Liu,Kebin He

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0881-7

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金川镍矿床深部资源高效开发与综合利用的关键技术研究

杨志强

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第4期页码 559-566 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.021

摘要：

为了掌握金川镍矿床的深部资源特征和地质状况，对困难的开采条件进行了系统分析，包括高应力、碎裂矿岩体、普遍的围岩变形、困难的巷道支护、复杂的岩体力学特征以及低采矿回收率等。为深部、大型和复杂镍钴矿山的安全、高效和连续开采建立了一个集成技术包，其由蜂窝式进路大面积连续采矿方法的发明、地压控制理论以及高应力和碎裂矿岩体技术模块的建立、新型充填胶凝材料的开发、粗骨料高浓度料浆管道输送的深井充填技术等组成。由此，所存在的难题得到了较好的解决，从而确保了金川镍矿床深部资源的高效开采和综合利用。同时，为高应力、碎裂和流变岩体的地下矿山使用下向胶结充填采矿方法展示了一个技术范例。

关键词：深部开采高效开发综合利用 Key technology

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NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Jiafa LUO, Stewart LEDGARD

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 148-158 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020372

摘要： This paper provides an overview of the range of dairy pasture grazing systems used in New Zealand (NZ), the changes with increased inputs over time and associated key environmental effects including nitrogen (N) leaching and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing and seasonal milk production on perennial ryegrass/clover pasture where cows are rotationally grazed in paddocks. There was an increase in stocking rate on NZ dairy farms from 2.62 cows ha in 2000/2001 to 2.85 cows ha in 2015/2016. During the same period annual milk solids production increased from 315 to 378 kg·yr per cow. This performance has coincided with an increase in N fertilizer use (by 30%) and a twofold increase in externally-sourced feeds. Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration (e.g., maize silage) can increase the efficiency of N utilization and potentially reduce N losses per unit of production. Off-paddock facilities (such as standoff or feed pads) are often used to restrict grazing during very wet winter conditions. A systems analysis of contrasting dairy farms in Waikato (largest NZ dairying region) indicates that the increased input would result in an increase in per-cow milk production but little change in efficiency of milk production from a total land use perspective. This analysis also shows that the increased inputs caused an 11% decrease in N footprint (i.e., N emissions per unit of milk production) and a 2% increase in C footprint (i.e., greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of milk production).

关键词： dairy farms environmental impacts grazing systems intensification mitigation

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Unveiling the interaction mechanisms of key functional microorganisms in the partial denitrification-anammox

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1703-3

摘要：

● The availability of PD-anammox was investigated with higher NO₃^––N concentration.

关键词： PD-anammox process Nitrite accumulation COD Microbial interaction

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中国高速铁路桥梁建设关键技术

郑健

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第7期页码 18-27

摘要：

桥梁设计与建造是高速铁路建设的关键。在京津城际铁路桥梁、武汉天兴洲公铁两用长江大桥、南京大胜关长江大桥等建设实践中，广泛借鉴世界高速铁路桥梁的先进技术和成功建设经验，在建设理念、技术标准、设计特点、技术运用等方面，进行深入的研究和积极的探索，并得到了充分地运用，逐步形成了具有中国特色的高速铁路桥梁建设关键技术。

关键词：高速铁路桥梁关键技术

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Synergistic utilization of coal and other energy – Key to low carbon economy

Weidou NI, Zhen CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 1-19 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0136-4

摘要： In China, coal is a dominant component of energy mix, and it is expected to remain as such over the next 30 to 40 years. Coal is expected to be used even more in power generation. The direct combustion of coal already has been causing severe pollution and ecological degradation, and it is quite difficult to address the need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) given the direct combustion of coal. Therefore, the polygeneration system based on coal gasification, which is one of the major examples of synergistic utilization of coal, is proposed. It is a comprehensive solution to meet the energy challenges China is facing. Furthermore, the synergy of fossil fuels (especially coal) with renewable energy, the synergy of different kinds of energy for energy storage, the synergy of centralized and distributed supply of different kinds of energy, and the synergy of different kinds of energy in smart energy grid (power, gas, heat, and water) are the keys to making China a low-carbon economy. Carbon dioxide (CO ) mitigation in China should begin from the coal-chemical industry given their accumulated relevant experiences. The mitigation process should gradually be transformed into the “IGCC+ polygeneration+ CCUS”. The objectives of this paper are to describe the synergistic utilization of coal, and to analyze the synergy of coal with other energy resources, and to propose the scientific and technological problems to achieve these synergies.

关键词： synergy clean and efficient utilization of coal coal-based polygenration CO₂ mitigation energy storage

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Designer enzyme for green materials innovation: Lactate-polymerizing enzyme as a key catalyst

Seiichi Taguchi

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 139-142 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1636-0

摘要： Establishment of the regeneratable whole-cell catalyst platform for the?production of biobased polymeric materials is a?typical topic of synthetic biology. In this commentary, discovery story of a “lactate-polymerizing enzyme” (LPE)?and LPE-based?achievements for creating a new variety of polyesters with incorporated unnatural monomers are presented. Besides the importance of microbial platform itself is discussed referring to the “ballooning”- .

关键词： synthetic biology enzyme evolutionary engineering polyhydroxyalkanoate

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Sustainable intensification of agriculture is key to feeding Africa in the 21st century

Shenggen FAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 366-370 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020342

摘要：

Africa in facing numerous challenges in the 21st century in feeding its rapidly increasing population. Land resources have become limited due to urbanization and industrialization. The existing agricultural land has been degraded and soil fertility has declined due to unsustainable farming practices. Despite of progress made in the past several decades, hunger and malnutrition in Africa still hinder health, human development and economic growth, which will become even worse in the future if proper measures are not taken. Sustainable intensification is the only solution to tackling both environmental sustainability including climate change and malnutrition, i.e., to produce more foods in terms of nutrients human body needs with less natural resources and carbon emissions. To achieve this vision, innovations in technologies, policies and institutions are essential. The Chinese experience in Agricultural Green Development (AGD) can be shared with Africans when the region is pursuing its sustainable intensification strategy.

关键词： Africa sustainable intensification Agricultural Green Development climate change malnutrition

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The prediction technology study of fatigue life for key parts of a tracked vehicle’s suspension system

WANG Hongyan, RUI Qiang, HE Xiaojun

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第1期页码 68-71 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0011-0

摘要： In allusion to fatigue life of a tracked vehicle torsion bar, a virtual prototype model of the tracked vehicle suspension system including a flexible torsion bar was built based on dynamic simulation software ADAMS. Node force and stress results of the torsion bar from last step simulation were acquired; taking into account the material characteristics and influential factors, fatigue life of the flexible body of the torsion bar was predicted. Engineering results can be acquired through the contrast of the result of virtual test and statistical fatigue.

关键词： dynamic simulation simulation software allusion influential material

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Estimating the effect of urease inhibitor on rice yield based on NDVI at key growth stages

Kailou LIU,Yazhen LI,Huiwen HU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 150-157 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014028

摘要： The effect of the urease inhibitor, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) at a range of application rates on rice production was examined in a field experiment at Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province, China. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was measured at key growth stages in both early and late rice. The results showed that the grain yield increased significantly when urea was applied with NBPT, with the highest yield observed at 1.00% NBPT (wt/wt). NDVI differed with the growth stage of rice; it remained steady from the heading to the filling stage. Rice yield could be predicted from the NDVI taken at key rice growing stages, with ranging from 0.34 to 0.69 in early rice and 0.49 to 0.70 in late rice. The validation test showed that RMSE (t·hm ) values were 0.77 and 0.87 in early and late rice, respectively. Therefore, it was feasible to estimate rice yield for different amounts of urease inhibitor using NDVI.

关键词： normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) rice grain yield